近幾年來,國家出臺了一系(xi)列支(zhi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)惠農(nong)(nong)(nong)政策。農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)購置農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械享(xiang)受國家補貼,拖拉(la)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、耕整機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、插秧(yang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、收割機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)等農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械紛紛落戶(hu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村,涌(yong)進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)千家萬戶(hu)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械成為農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生產(chan)的主要"武器",成為農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)致富的好幫手。但是我們在下鄉(xiang)進(jin)行(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)技術服務時(shi)了解(jie)到,由于農(nong)(nong)(nong)事季節性(xing)強,有些(xie)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械除了作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)時(shi)間短、作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)量(liang)少外(wai),在機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械化作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)中還存(cun)在以下三難:
1、有的鄉村沒(mei)有機(ji)(ji)耕(geng)道,農業(ye)機(ji)(ji)械進出農田(tian)作(zuo)業(ye)難。如吉水(shui)縣金(jin)灘農民羅亨紅(hong)購置(zhi)了一臺收(shou)割(ge)(ge)機(ji)(ji),看著成熟金(jin)黃色的二(er)晚近在眼前,由(you)于沒(mei)有機(ji)(ji)耕(geng)道,收(shou)割(ge)(ge)機(ji)(ji)進出農田(tian)作(zuo)業(ye)困(kun)難,使(shi)收(shou)割(ge)(ge)機(ji)(ji)無用"武"之地而閑置(zhi)。
2、田(tian)(tian)(tian)塊小(xiao)、落差大,農(nong)業機(ji)械作業效率(lv)低操作難。目前有(you)些村,還有(you)一些"面條"田(tian)(tian)(tian)、"巴掌"田(tian)(tian)(tian)、梯田(tian)(tian)(tian)的(de)小(xiao)塊田(tian)(tian)(tian)、落差大。農(nong)業機(ji)械作業行程短、轉彎掉(diao)頭、轉移(yi)的(de)時間多,空行程多、油料消耗多、效率(lv)低、存(cun)在安全(quan)隱患,農(nong)機(ji)手操作難度大。拖(tuo)拉(la)機(ji)一天的(de)作業面積(ji)(ji)只有(you)五、六畝(mu);收割機(ji)作業面積(ji)(ji)也只有(you)七、八畝(mu),遠遠低于(yu)機(ji)器的(de)設計作業能力。
3、水稻(dao)種(zhong)植不集中(zhong)不連(lian)片,農(nong)(nong)機手增加(jia)收(shou)入難(nan)。現在(zai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)機械作業(ye)(ye)都是按(an)農(nong)(nong)田作業(ye)(ye)面(mian)積收(shou)費。但由于水稻(dao)種(zhong)植不連(lian)片,成熟期有早有晚。有的(de)農(nong)(nong)戶的(de)農(nong)(nong)田,東一(yi)塊,西一(yi)塊,插花田多,穿插轉移,空(kong)行程多,實際作業(ye)(ye)面(mian)積少,農(nong)(nong)機手收(shou)少。
鑒于(yu)以上原(yuan)因,農民心(xin)中(zhong)有盼。
一盼各級(ji)政府應執(zhi)行《農(nong)業(ye)機械化促進(jin)法(fa)》,組(zu)織(zhi)農(nong)村勞(lao)動力興(xing)修機耕道,方便農(nong)業(ye)機械進(jin)出農(nong)田作業(ye),以發揮農(nong)機的(de)優勢。
二盼各級(ji)政(zheng)府及有關部門,在農田(tian)基本建設中,引導協調農民將(jiang)小塊田(tian)合并(bing),擴大為大塊田(tian),降低田(tian)與田(tian)之(zhi)間(jian)的落差,做到(dao)"田(tian)成方,渠相通(tong),路相連,旱能灌,澇能排"。有利于(yu)農業機械作(zuo)業。
三(san)盼各級政府及有關部門,指導農民連片種植(zhi),并逐步做(zuo)到"三(san)統一"即"統一種子(zi),統一品種,統一機械作(zuo)業"。為機械作(zuo)業打好基(ji)礎,創造有利(li)條(tiao)件。
